Letšeng Diamond mine is situated in the Kingdom of Lesotho in the District of Mokhotlong. It rests within the Maluti Mountain Range, with an average elevation of 3 100 metres above sea-level, which makes it the highest elevation diamond mine in the world. The Kingdom of Lesotho is a mountainous enclave completely surrounded by South Africa.

Lesotho is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Its currency, the Maloti, is pegged to the South African Rand. Diamonds are a significant natural resource, with 33 kimberlite pipes and 140 kimberlite dykes identified; of these, 24 are diamondiferous.